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The new criminal laws from 1 July 2024
From 1 July 2024, three new laws replaced older ones:
- the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC);
- the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC);
- the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Some articles and answers on this website were written before that date and refer to the IPC, the CrPC or the Evidence Act and to their section numbers. Those references are kept as they were written. The section numbers in the new laws are generally different, and which law applies to a particular case can depend on when the events took place. Check the current provisions, or ask an advocate, before you rely on such a reference.
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